Adolescence runs roughly from age 12 to 24. The brain changes more in these years than at any time since early childhood. Young people are not small adults or big kids. They have their own health needs, and this is a good time to build habits that last.
Young people today drink and smoke less than earlier generations, yet many face real mental health challenges. Around three in four adult mental health conditions start before the age of 24, and about two in five Australians aged 16 to 24 have had a mental health condition in the past year. Getting support early matters.
What makes these years different
The developing brain
During adolescence, the part of the brain that drives emotion is very active, while the part that handles planning and self-control is still being built. Feelings can be big and fast, and the tools to manage them are still catching up.
Body image and weight
Young people who struggle with their weight often carry a double load. Weight-related teasing and stigma are linked to lower confidence, poorer school results and a higher risk of depression. Skin matters too. Severe acne can lead to self-consciousness, anxiety and pulling away from friends, and it is very treatable.
Life online
Phones and social media keep young people connected, but they also bring constant comparison and a social world that never switches off.
Signs a young person may need support
It can be hard to tell normal teenage ups and downs from something more. Look for changes that last more than two weeks in:
- sleep: sleeping much more or less than usual
- friendships and hobbies: losing interest or pulling away
- school: a sudden drop in effort or grades
- the body: frequent headaches or tummy aches with no clear cause.
How we can help
We offer a safe, confidential and non-judgemental space. Our GPs take the time to listen to what young people are saying, and to what they might be finding hard to say.
- Confidential appointments. Young people can see a GP on their own. We respect their privacy and involve family where it helps and the young person agrees. The only limit is if we are worried about someone’s safety. See confidentiality for teens.
- A whole-of-life check-in. We use the HEEADSSS approach, a gentle conversation covering Home, Education, Eating, Activities, Drugs and alcohol, Sexuality, Suicide and depression, and Safety.
- GP mental health treatment plans, which give Medicare rebates for sessions with a psychologist.
- ADHD assessment. Dr Stuart Arbuckle can assess and diagnose ADHD. See our ADHD page.
- Care for the whole person, including skin, weight, sleep and sexual health. See contraception.
For parents
You know your child best. If something feels wrong, trust that and book an appointment. We can see you together first, and then spend some time with your young person on their own.
Helpful resources
- headspace: the National Youth Mental Health Foundation, for ages 12 to 25.
- ReachOut: online support and practical tools for young people and their parents.
- Beyond Blue: information on anxiety and depression in young people.
- Butterfly Foundation: national support for eating disorders and body image.
- Kids Helpline: free, private counselling by phone or online, any time.